### **The Iceberg Model in Systems Thinking** Use the Iceberg Model to move from surface-level observations (often of events) to a deeper systemic understanding. ### **Structure of the Iceberg Model:** 1. **Events** (Tip of the Iceberg): What just happened? - Observable outcomes or incidents. - Example: A student fails a test. 2. **Patterns/Trends** (Below the Surface): What’s been happening over time? - Recognising recurring events or trajectories. - Example: The student has failed multiple tests this semester. 3. **Systemic Structures** (Deeper Level): What are the forces or structures that create those patterns? - Rules, policies, processes, relationships. - Example: The curriculum is rigid, teaching style doesn’t suit diverse learners, lack of support systems. 4. **Mental Models** (Deepest Level): What beliefs, values, and assumptions underpin the system? - Often implicit, shaping how systems are built and maintained. - Example: “Smart students don’t need help,” or “One size fits all in education.” | | | | --- | --- | ![[Pasted image 20250611194958.png]]