🌱 The iceberg model

The Iceberg Model in Systems Thinking

Use the Iceberg Model to move from surface-level observations (often of events) to a deeper systemic understanding.

Structure of the Iceberg Model:

  1. Events (Tip of the Iceberg): What just happened?
    • Observable outcomes or incidents.
    • Example: A student fails a test.
  2. Patterns/Trends (Below the Surface): What’s been happening over time?
    • Recognising recurring events or trajectories.
    • Example: The student has failed multiple tests this semester.
  3. Systemic Structures (Deeper Level): What are the forces or structures that create those patterns?
    • Rules, policies, processes, relationships.
    • Example: The curriculum is rigid, teaching style doesn’t suit diverse learners, lack of support systems.
  4. Mental Models (Deepest Level): What beliefs, values, and assumptions underpin the system?
    • Often implicit, shaping how systems are built and maintained.
    • Example: β€œSmart students don’t need help,” or β€œOne size fits all in education.”